Is Frankenstein a Monster or a Creature?
In Mary Shelley’s classic novel, Frankenstein, the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, creates a being from dead body parts and brings it to life. The creature, also referred to as the monster, has sparked debates and discussions among readers and scholars alike, with some regarding it as a monster, while others see it as a creature. In this article, we will explore the character’s complexities, examining both perspectives and discussing the significance of the label.
What is the Difference between a Monster and a Creature?
To understand the debate, it is essential to define the terms "monster" and "creature". A monster typically connotes something evil, frightening, and inhumane. In contrast, a creature is often perceived as an animal or a being with some human qualities, even if it may be imperfect or unusual. Throughout the novel, Mary Shelley carefully crafts the monster’s narrative, emphasizing its innocence and vulnerability, making it harder to categorize it solely as a monster.
Frankenstein’s Perspective
From Victor Frankenstein’s point of view, the creature is a "demon", "fiend", and "wretch" (Shelley 65). His creator’s hatred and disgust towards the creature are fueled by his rejection of it, leading Frankenstein to abandon his child. This abandonment reinforces the monster’s feelings of isolation and anger, which drive its later actions.
The Monster’s Narrative
In its own story, the creature presents itself as an "orphan", "unformed", and "helpless" (Shelley 83). It "nursed" Frankenstein’s rejection and abandonment, seeking acceptance and companionship. Despite its misshapen appearance, the creature longs for human connection, which leads to its violent outbursts and later, its vow to incinerate itself at the Northernmost extremity of the globe.
Key Traits: Innocence, Curiosity, and Intelligence
The creature demonstrates innocence by killing Frankenstein’s younger brother, William, in a misguided attempt to understand humanity. It is curious about its surroundings and humanity, demonstrated by its conversations with William and its pursuit of education. Intelligence is evident in the creature’s observations, emotions, and attempts to reason with Frankenstein. These traits contradict the typical characteristics associated with a monster.
Labeling the Monster
So, is Frankenstein a monster or a creature? The answer lies in the narrative and characterization. If we categorize the monster solely by its physical appearance, then it is indeed a monster. However, when we consider the creature’s actions, thoughts, and emotions, we see a more complex being that is not entirely evil.
In the table below, compare the monster’s characteristics:
| Trait | Monster | Creature |
|---|---|---|
| Physical appearance | Distorted, hideous | Unconventional, imperfect |
| Intellect | Limited, uncivilized | Curious, intelligent |
| Emotional state | Anger, resentment | Longing, sadness |
| Actions | Violent, destructive | Seeking companionship, knowledge |
As the table suggests, the creature’s complex traits challenge the traditional definition of a monster. The monster’s innocence, curiosity, and intelligence undermine the notion that it is solely a malevolent being. Mary Shelley’s careful crafting of the creature’s narrative emphasizes its human-like qualities, making it harder to categorize as a monster.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the answer to the question "Is Frankenstein a monster or a creature?" is neither a simple yes or no. The novel presents a multifaceted character, whose complexity stems from its unique combination of traits. Through its exploration of themes like loneliness, rejection, and the blurring of boundaries between human and non-human, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein invites readers to rethink their definitions of monsters and creatures.
References
Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Edited by Marilyn Butler, Penguin Books, 1996.