Is it illegal to own walrus ivory?

Is it Illegal to Own Walrus Ivory?

In recent years, the legality of owning walrus ivory has become a topic of concern for many collectors, enthusiasts, and art lovers. With the increasing demand for ivory products and the growing awareness of the need to protect endangered species, it’s essential to understand the laws and regulations surrounding the ownership of walrus ivory.

Federal Law

In the United States, federal law explicitly allows the sale and ownership of walrus ivory products when legally produced by Alaska Natives. According to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), the sale of whale, walrus, polar bear, and other marine mammal species is prohibited. However, Alaska Native people may sell or trade any walrus parts in any form to other Alaska Native people without restriction, as long as the tusks are tagged through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marking, Tagging, & Reporting Program.

State Laws

While federal law allows the sale and ownership of walrus ivory products, some states have enacted their own laws and regulations regarding ivory. Currently, four states have specific laws banning certain transfers of ivory or rhinoceros horn: California, New Jersey, New York, and Washington. These laws aim to prevent the sale of ivory products that may be derived from endangered species or involve illegal hunting practices.

Exceptions

There are, however, some exceptions to the laws and regulations surrounding walrus ivory. Antique ivory, for example, can be sold with proper documentation proving that the item is an antique that is at least 100 years old. Additionally, scrimshaw crafted before 1989 (elephant) or before 1973 (sperm whale ivory, walrus ivory, etc.) is legal.

Authenticity and Provenance

When purchasing walrus ivory products, it’s essential to ensure their authenticity and provenance. Walrus ivory is characterized in cross-section by a central core with a marbled appearance, surrounded by a smooth creamy white dentine layer. Almost all Inuit ivory carving is walrus ivory. Primary dentine has a classical ivory appearance, while secondary dentine looks marbled or oatmeal-like. This type of secondary dentine is diagnostic for walrus tusk ivory.

Value and Rarity

Walrus ivory is considered a rare and valuable material. The price of walrus ivory can vary greatly depending on the size, quality, and condition of the tusk. A small tusk cut up for carving might only be worth a little over a hundred dollars, while an intact tusk can go for as much as twenty thousand dollars.

Conclusion

In conclusion, owning walrus ivory is legal under federal law, as long as it is legally produced by Alaska Natives and complies with state regulations. However, it’s essential to ensure the authenticity and provenance of the product and to be aware of the laws and regulations surrounding the sale and ownership of ivory. By understanding the laws and regulations, collectors and enthusiasts can enjoy the beauty and craftsmanship of walrus ivory products while also supporting sustainable and responsible practices.

Table: Legal Status of Walrus Ivory

References

• Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA)
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Marking, Tagging, & Reporting Program
• World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)