What Activates a Turbo?
The turbocharger is an exciting component of modern engines that can significantly boost their power output. But, when it comes to understanding the basics of how a turbocharger works, there seem to be many myths and misconceptions. One key question that often arises is: What activates a turbo?
Turbine Spins with Engine
The answer lies in the turbine wheel of a turbocharger. As the engine turns, its exhaust gases spin the turbine wheel, which is attached to a shaft that leads to the compressor wheel. This means that as soon as the engine is fired up, the turbine wheel starts spinning, and the turbo begins to work.
Factors Affecting Turbo Acceleration
While the exhaust gases are the primary energizer of the turbine, there are other factors that can influence the acceleration and performance of the turbo:
• Exhaust Gases: The more massive and hotter the exhaust gas flow, the more boosting power the turbocharger is capable of producing.
• Engine Speed: Increased engine speed can enhance compressor airflow, leading to faster turbo acceleration.
• Turbocharger Design: Modern turbines are designed to produce minimal lag and quick acceleration with advanced materials and geometries.
• Air/Radiator Cooling: Effective airflow and cooling can prevent temperatures from rising, enabling proper turbo operation.
Sub-Systems and Sensors Working Together
The turbo’s performance is also regulated and monitored by various sub-systems and sensors, all working together to maintain seamless operation:
• Boost Pressure Sensor: This monitor tracks the pressure exerted by the turbo on the engine’s intake manifold. When the pressure becomes higher than the desired limit (usually around 8 pounds per square inch or psig), the wastegate opens to release excess boosted air.
• Lambo Valve (
Explanatory Note:
The Lambo Valve is a type of Wastegate, popular in high-performance turbo charging systems. It opens fully at a predetermined pressure differential, allowing excess exhaust energy to bypass the turbine wheels, thus preventing compressor compressor surge and maintaining the desirable boost pressure. This concept is also known as Turbine Inlet Air Handling (TIHA)).
• Wastegate: This mechanism permits excess exhaust gases to release, preventing the turbo compressor from over-boost and maintaining a stable airflow dynamic.
• RPM Sensor: The wheel speed sensor monitors engine shaft speed, providing feedback control for the turbo’s governor (if equipped).
• Governor/Governorless System: Some turbochargers boast a governor, a mechanically linked system that ensures no over-boost occurs regardless of engine speed changes.)