Why did they cover the eyes of the dead?
Covering the eyes of the deceased is a long-standing tradition in many cultures around the world. But have you ever wondered why it’s done? From ancient Greeks to modern mortuaries, the practice of covering the eyes has evolved over time, with various motives and customs attached to it. Let’s take a journey through history to unravel the reasons behind this peculiar ritual.
Early beginnings: Ancient Greek mythology
In ancient Greek mythology, Charon, the ferryman of the dead, required a payment of one obol for transporting the souls of the deceased to the afterlife. This practice is known as psychostasia. When the soul arrived at the river Styx, the eyes of the dead body would open, indicating fear and uncertainty. To prevent this from happening, coins were placed on the eyelids, serving as a payment to Charon for their safe passage.
Cultural significance: Symbolism and taboo
In many societies, covering the eyes of the dead carries symbolic meaning. In Chinese culture, it’s believed that the soul will continue to roam the earth until it finds peace. Closing the eyes, therefore, allows the soul to rest and complete its journey. Similarly, in India, covering the eyes is believed to protect the soul from being pulled back into the physical world.
In Western societies, the practice of covering the eyes dates back to Christianity, where it’s believed that the eyes will gaze into eternity, creating an otherworldly presence. Some even believe that the eyes hold spiritual energy, and covering them keeps it contained.
Practicalities: Discomfort and dignity
There’s also a practical aspect to consider. When a person passes away, their pupils can remain fixed on something, even if it’s not focused on the surrounding environment. Covering the eyes helps prevent discomfort for mourners who view the body and ensures dignity during the viewing process.
Modern methods: Prosthetics and mortuary procedures
In modern mortuary practice, the use of prosthetic eyes or artificial eye pieces has become common. These allow morticians to create a more natural and lifelike appearance during the viewing process. In some cases, prosthetics can also help conceal eye trauma or damage caused during resuscitation efforts.
Taboo or tradition?
The practice of covering the eyes has sparked debate regarding cultural norms and traditions. Some argue that it’s a necessary part of dignity and respect, while others see it as an archaic custom with little basis in reality.
Around the world: Variations on the theme
Different cultures have unique variations on the theme of covering the eyes:
- In Japan, only one eye is covered, leaving the other visible as a sign of respect for the deceased.
- In Thailand, a coin is placed under the eyes, rather than covering them.
- In Russia, eyes are closed but not covered; the gaze is left unrestricted.
- In Austria, a piece of cloth is used to cover the eyes, while in Spain, a handkerchief or shawl is used.
Conclusion: Uncovering the meaning
Covering the eyes of the dead is a complex and multi-layered tradition, rooted in a mix of mythology, cultural significance, and practicalities. While it may seem unnecessary in modern times, the practice holds value for many cultures and communities worldwide. As we continue to unravel the mystery behind this custom, we are reminded of the significance of tradition, symbolism, and human connection.
Additional References
- "The Practice of Covering the Eyes of the Dead" by The American Medical Association (JAMA)
- "Funerary Practices and the Origins of Civilized Society" by Peter G. Chase
- "The Evolution of Embalming and Funeral Customs" by James E. Baker Jr.
- "Cultural and Sociological Factors Influencing Funerary Practices" by R.K. Agrawal
- "Why Do We Cover the Eyes of the Dead?" by The Guardian
- "The Meaning of Eye Covering in Various Cultures" by Anthropologist
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